Solids and Cavities in Architecture

Solids and cavities are essential components of architecture, without which we cannot perceive it. In order to understand how we perceive solids or forms, and cavities or spaces, Rasmuseen very generally explains our visual perception and process. Our eyes are able to see everything, but our mind simply notices what is familiar or important to us. The more we look, the more complete the image seems. The process of observing architecture, specifically, is similar to an architect creating it. The architect starts with the main forms of the structure, than focuses more on the details of the design, and then, if he has the right training, can think of the constructional aspect as well and the use of materials.

In terms of the design process, Rasmuseen believes there are two types of architects, those that are solid-minded and others that are cavity-minded. Each seems to focus on one specific component. Rasmuseen further illustrates this notion with examples. The Beauvais Cathedral is an ideal example of a solid-minded design, where primary is the form and the structure. The Cave Temples in Carli, however, are perfect examples of a cavity minded design. In terms of architectural eras, the Gothic designers had a love for structure and form, while the Renaissance artists appreciated cavities. Rasmuseen illustrates with the example of the statue of St. George and the dragon in Nikolai Church of the Gothic era, and the St. Peter church in Rome.

Rasmuseen, on the other hand, gives examples of a very unique, somewhat bizarre architectural trend that followed the Renaissance, Mannerism. Mannerism architects worked with every element of the previous era, but in a new, experimental way. They were able to create powerful, very dramatic effects by a deep contrast between solids and spaces. Some examples are the Porta di Santa Spirito, Porta Pia, Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne, Santa Maria della Pace, Piazza Navona and Fontana di Trevi. More modern examples include the "Falling Water", Johnson Wax Company, the Copenhagen City Hall and Police Headquarters.

The contrast of solids and cavities can create unique, dramatic effects in architecture. It is upon the architect to implement this contrast in the design, however it fits his architectural expression.